The chain of events spurred by the disruption begins with an easterly flow of air descending from the stratosphere to the troposphere. The jet stream, the air current about 30,000 feet high in the troposphere, weakens in response and is forced south. As the jet stream shifts south, cold air evacuates the polar regions, like a refrigerator door left open, and spills into the mid-latitudes.
Where the cold air spilling out of the Arctic will first land, whether Europe, Asia, or the continental United States, is difficult to predict. In many past vortex disruptions, the cold has first hit the eastern hemisphere. It may do so again this time. Jason Furtado, a professor of meteorology at the University of Oklahoma, tweeted that “
it will be felt first in Eurasia” based on model forecasts. This means the Lower 48 states may be weeks away from feeling any effect.