More +PNA and less -EPO seems January 2022 ish. We definitely had some negative EPO but I don’t remember impressive Arctic cold with that. Very cold, but never really did the subzero stuff
I assume you know that subzero was much more common during 1955-89 in Bristol, TN, than the periods prior and after:
For 1937-2025, these years had subzero: 1955, 1958-9, 1961-7, 1969-70, 1972, 1977-8, 1980-3, 1985-6, 1989, 1994, 1996, and 2014-5.
So, 1937-54 had no years with subzero! Then 1955-89 had 22 years or 2/3 of the years! Subsequently, 1990-2025 had only 4 (11%)! These are amazing multidecadal swings!
Looking at the ones since 1990:
1/1994 had three days (16th, 18th, 19th) with the last two over 1-2” of snowcover: neutral PNA/-EPO/neutral WPO/tail end of -AO that turned to +AO/+NAO
2/1996 had two days (4th, 5th) over 13-14” of snowcover: +PNA/+EPO but immediately followed -EPO/-WPO/tail end of -AO/+NAO but immediately followed -NAO
1/2014 had three days (7th, 29th, 30th) over a coating of snowcover for the 7th to 1-3” of snowcover for the 29th-30th: +PNA/-EPO/neutral WPO/-AO tail ends/neutral NAO for 7th and +NAO for 29th-30th
2/2015 had one day (20th) over 5” of snowcover: +PNA/-EPO/-WPO/+AO/+NAO
So,
tendencies for subzero at Bristol since 1994 are a combo of +PNA, -EPO, neutral to -WPO, and snowcover, all intuitive.
But, the AO tendency was not in the middle of a -AO string as it was instead
either tail end of -AO string or +AO. In addition,
+NAO was favored and only one of the five periods was just after a -NAO, which isn’t intuitive to me.